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Lithographic plate showing harvesting of sugarcane on a Trinidad sugar plantation, created by Richard Bridgens, 1836.

Cutting_Sugar_Cane_in_Trinidad,_1836,_lithograph.jpg

Map of Portuguese discoveries, exploration, contacts and conquests, 1336 to 1543, created 2009. Arrival dates noted with location; main sea routes to the Indian Ocean in blue; and territories claimed under King John III of Portugal (r. 1521-57) in green.

Portrait of Bartolomé de las Casas, ca. 16th century, courtesy of the Archivo General de Indias, Sevilla, Spain.

Map of Americas where Spanish settled and often attempted to enslave American Indians, engraving by Theodor de Bry, ca. 1594, courtesy of the Library of Congress.

Columbus landing on Hispaniola on 6 December 1492, greeted by Arawaks, engraving by Theodor De Bry, ca. 1594, courtesy of the Library of Congress.

Depiction of Spanish atrocities in the New World, as recounted by Bartolomé de las Casas in Narratio Regionum indicarum per Hispanos Quosdam devastatarum verissima, engraving by Theodor De Bry, 1598.

Narratio_Regionum_indicarum_per_Hispanos_Quosdam_devastatarum_verissima_Theodore_de_Bry.jpg

Columbus before the Queen, painting by Emanuel Luetze, courtesy of the Brooklyn Museum, 1843.

Ferdinand II pointing across Atlantic to where Columbus is landing with three ships amid large group of Indians, ca. 1500, courtesy of the Library of Congress.

Map of West African coast showing "A mina" (the mine), which later became Elmina in present day Ghana, ca. sixteenth century.

Map of Santiago, Cape Verde, 1589, created by Giovanni Battista Boazio.

Santiago,_Cape_Verde,_1589.jpg

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