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UNESCO Slave Route marker at Newton Plantation, Barbados, West Indies, image by Mary Battle, 2012.

"A Negro Festival drawn from Nature in the Island of St Vincent," engraving by Audinet, 1801, courtesy of the © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, enslaved Africans in Barbados sometimes escaped by boat to nearby islands such as St. Vincent. On this mountainous island, Amerindian Kalinagos allowed Africans to become a part of their social structure and intermarry after 1660, when Kalinago relations soured with European allies. Many of St. Vincent's current inhabitants are descendants of these escaped Africans and Amerindians.

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The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, drafted by the Lords Proprietors, 1669-1670. The original authors were most likely Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Earl of Shaftesbury, and the philosopher John Locke. This legal document encrouaged African slavery in Carolina by ensuring that every freeman had "absolute" power over his "Negro slaves."

South Carolina leaders established a slave code in 1712, based on the 1688 English slave code in Barbados. The South Carolina slave code served as the model for other colonies in North America. It included provisions listed in this document. It included provisions listed in this document, based on Charles M. Christian and Sari Bennet, Black Saga: The African American Experience: A Chronology.

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Bowens-Bowen Family Reunion at St. Lucy Parish Church, photograph, Barbados, 1996, courtesy of the Post and Courier and Drayton Hall.

Detail of the Sewee Shell Ring, Francis Marion National Forest, photograph, Awendaw, South Carolina, 2011. Archaeologists have found shell rings, or shell middens, in various parts of the South Carolina and Georgia Lowcountry. They believe they were created by American Indians living in villages along the coast, either as refuse from eating shellfish, especially oysters, or as deliberately built monuments, similar to American Indian mound building on the lower Mississippi River.

Map overview of the Yamassee War, 2007.

Cherokee from Carolina who accompanied Sir Alexander Coming to England in 1730, Isaac Basire, 1730. Different American Indian groups strategically engaged European settlers in Carolina in a range of ways, from conflict and resistance to alliance and assimilation.

Runaway slave advertisement placed by slave master in South Carolina newspaper, ca. late eighteenth to early nineteenth century, courtesy of the University of Southern Mississippi. Advertisement notes that the runaway will most likely go to Charleston, South Carolina, where he has an aunt and uncle.

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A view of the port of Charles Town, South Carolina, 1768, engraved by Charles Canot, courtesy of Library of Congress General Collections.

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