About the Project Author

Susan Millar Williams is the author of A Devil and a Good Woman, Too: The Lives of Julia Peterkin, and the co-author, with Stephen G. Hoffius, of Upheaval in Charleston: Earthquake and Murder on the Eve of Jim Crow. She teaches writing at Trident Technical College in Charleston, South Carolina. 

Editorial Contributors
Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 
Robert Korstad, Duke University
Theodore Rosengarten, College of Charleston

Sources

Beckert, Sven. Empire of Cotton: A Global History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014.

Carlton, David L. Mill and Town in South Carolina, 1880-1920. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982.

Coulter, E. Merton. George Walton Williams: The Life of a Southern Merchant and Banker, 1820-1903. Athens: Hibriton Press, 1976.

Davidson, Elizabeth H. Child Labor Legislation in the Southern Textile States. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1939.

Doyle, Don Harrison. New Men, New Cities, New South: Atlanta, Nashville, Charleston, Mobile, 1860-1910. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.

DuBois, William Edward Burghardt, ed. "“The Negro Artisan: A Social Study.” Made Under the Direction of Atlanta University Proceedings of the Seventh Conference for the Study of the Negro Problems.” Atlanta: Atlanta University Press, 1902. 

Frederickson, Mary. “Four Decades of Change: Black Workers in Southern Textiles, 1941-1981.” Radical America 16 (November-December 1982): 27-44.

Hahamovitch, Cindy. The Fruits of their Labor: Atlantic Coast Farmworkers and the Making of Migrant Poverty, 1870-1945. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd and James L. Leloudis, Robert Rodgers Korstad, Mary Murphy, Lu Ann Jones, Christopher B. Daly.  Like a Family: The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987. 

McKinley, Shepherd W. Stinking Stones and Rocks of Gold: Phosphate, Fertilizer, and Industrialization in Postbellum South Carolina. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014.

McLaurin, Melton Alonza. The Knights of Labor in the South. Westport: Green Press, 1978.

McLaurin, Melton Alonza. Paternalism and Protest: Southern Cotton Mill Workers and Organized Labor, 1875-1905. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Corp., 1971.

Minchin, Timothy. Hiring the Black Worker: The Racial Integration of the Southern Textile Industry, 1960-1980. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

National Register of Historic Places, Cigar Factory, Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina. Prepared by W. David Chamberlain, August 13, 1980. 

“Negro Labor in the Cotton Mills,” The Bulletin, Atlanta University no. 117, 1901. 

News and Courier, Charleston, South Carolina, 1870-1910.

Simon, Bryant. A Fabric of Defeat: The Politics of South Carolina Millhands, 1910-1948. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Thompson, Daniel Augustus. Cotton Mill, Commercial Features. A Text-Book for the Use of Textile Schools and Investors. With Tables Showing Cost of Machinery and Equipments forMills Making Cotton Yarns and Plain Cotton Cloths. Charlotte: Daniel Augustus Thompson, 1899.  

Washington, Booker T., ed. Raymond Smock. The Booker T. Washington Papers: 1901-02. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1977.

Working Women in Large Cities: Fourth Annual Report of the Commissioner of Labor 1888.  Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889. 

Wright, Gavin. “Cheap Labor and Southern Textiles, 1880-1930.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 96 (November 1981): 605-29.

Collections From Lowcountry Digital Library 

George W. Williams Photograph Collection 

Phosphate, Farms, and Family – The Donner Collection 

Holloway Family Collection