Equalization Schools: South Carolina’s History of Unequal Education

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Educational Resources

Books

Baker, R. Scott. Paradoxes of Desegregation: African American Struggles for Educational Equity in Charleston, South Carolina, 1926-1972. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2006.

Brinson, Claudia Smith. Stories of Struggle: The Clash over Civil Rights in South Carolina. Columbia, SC: The University of South Carolina Press, 2020. 

Clyburn, James with Jennifer Revels. Uncommon Courage: The Story of Briggs v. Elliott, South Carolina’s Unsung Civil Rights Battle. Columbia, SC: Palmetto Conservation Foundation Press, 2004.

Dubose, Sonny. The Road to Brown: The Leadership of a Soldier of the Cross Reverend J.A. DeLaine. Orangeburg, SC: Williams Publishing, 2002.

Gona, Ophelia De Laine. Dawn of Desegregation: J.A. De Laine and Briggs v. Elliott. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2011.

Hoffschwelle, Mary S. The Rosenwald Schools of the American South. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2006.

Kluger, Richard. Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America’s Struggle for Equality. New York: Vintage Books, 2004.

Lare, Marvin Ira, ed. Champions of Civil and Human Rights in South Carolina: Volume 1, Dawn of the Movement Era, 1955-1967. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2016.

Quint, Howard H. Profile in Black and White: A Frank Portrait of South Carolina. Washington, DC: Public Affairs Press, 1958. 

Sullivan, Patricia. Lift Every Voice: The NAACP and the Making of the Civil Rights Movement. New York: The New Press, 2009.

Newspaper Articles

Bowers, Paul et. al. “Minimally Adequate: How South Carolina’s ‘minimally adequate; Education System Fails Too Many Students.” Charleston Post and Courier, series first published November 2018, accessed 28 November 2018.

Brown, Emma. “On the Anniversary of Brown v. Board, New Evidence that U.S. Schools are Resegregating,” The Washington Post, 17 May 2016.

Levine, Martin. “NAACP Fights Black-Majority School Closings in Carolina Corridor of Shame.” Non-Profit Quarterly, 17 April 2018.

The State Special Report. “Together Let Us Sweetly Live: How a South Carolina Desegregation Case Caught the Attention of the Nation.” The State (Columbia, SC), 1 June 2003.

Scoppe, Cindi Ross. “Hard Truths, Daunting Challenges in SC School Equity Decision,” The State (Columbia, SC), 19 November 2014.

Self, Jamie and Bristow Marchant. “Court Throws Out Landmark SC School Equity Lawsuit,” The State (Columbia, SC), 22 November 2017.

Articles, Theses, and Digital Resources

Allen, Delia B. “The Forgotten Brown Case: Briggs v. Elliott and Its Legacy in South Carolina.” Peabody Journal of Education, vol. 94, no. 4, 2019: 442-467.

Bartels, Virginia B. “The History of South Carolina Schools.” Center for Educator Recruitment, Retention, and Advancement, 2010, available online at www.teachercadets.com/media/documents/2010/8/History_of_South_Carolina_Schools.pdf, accessed 27 August 2013.

Dobrasko, Rebekah M. “Upholding ‘Separate but Equal:’ South Carolina’s School Equalization Program, 1951-1955.” Masters thesis, University of South Carolina, 2005. 

Dobrasko, Rebekah M. “South Carolina’s Equalization Schools, 1951-1959.” 2008, updated through 2021.

Frankenberg, Erica and Chungmei Lee. “Race in in American Public Schools: Rapidly Resegregating School Districts.” The Civil Rights Project, Harvard University, August 2002.

Hornsby, Jr., Benjamin F. “Stepping Stone to the Supreme Court.” Topics in African American History I. Columbia, SC: South Carolina Department of Archives and History, 1992.

Lochbaum, Julie Magruder. “The Word Made Flesh: The Desegregation Leadership of the Rev. J.A. DeLaine.” PhD diss., University of South Carolina, 1993.

New South Associates. “Journey to Equal Education.” 2020.

Smyth, William D. “Segregation in Charleston in the 1950s: A Decade of Transition.” South Carolina Historical Magazine, vol. 92 no. 2 (April 1991): 99-123.

South Caroliniana Library. "Rosenwald School of South Carolina: An Oral History Exhibit." accessed 29 January 2022. 

Southern, David W. “Beyond Jim Crow Liberalism: Judge Waring’s Fight Against Segregation in South Carolina, 1942-52.” The Journal of Negro History, vol. 66 no. 3 (Autumn 1981): 209-227.

State Educational Finance Commission. “South Carolina’s Educational Revolution: A Report of Progress in South Carolina.” Columbia: State Educational Finance Commission, 1955.

Wellington, Darryl Lorenzo. “Ambiguous Legacy: Summerton, South Carolina and Briggs v. Elliott.” Dissent Magazine, 2004, accessed 16 July 2012.

Wilson, David C. “The Road to Equality in Educating African American Students: Horry County Public Schools, (1930-2019). Self-published: Wilson Consulting Services, LLC, 2019.