After Slavery: Race, Labor, and Politics in the Post-Emancipation Carolinas

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Reconstruction and Redemption in the Carolinas

Books:

Alexander, Roberta S. North Carolina Faces the Freedmen: Race Relations during Presidential Reconstruction, 1865-67. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1985.

Allen, Walter. Governor Chamberlain's Administration in South Carolina. New York, New York: G.P. Putnam’s sons, 1888.

Baker, Bruce. What Reconstruction Meant: Historical Memory in the American South. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 2007.

Cecelski, David S. The Waterman's Song: Slavery and Freedom in Maritime North Carolina. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

Click, Patricia. Time Full of Trial: the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony, 1862-1867. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

Cooper, William J. The Conservative Regime: South Carolina, 1877-1890. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2005.

Drago, Edmund L. Hurrah for Hampton: Black Red Shirts in South Carolina during Reconstruction. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press, 1999.

Edmonds, Helen G. The Negro and Fusion Politics in North Carolina, 1894-1901. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

Hall, Jacqueline et al. Like a Family: The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

Hadden, Sally E. Slave Patrols: Law and Violence in Virginia and the Carolinas. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Haley, John H. Charles N. Hunter and Race Relations in North Carolina. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1987.

Holden, Charles J. In the Great Maelstrom: Conservatives in Post-Civil War South Carolina. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.

Holt, Sharon Ann. Making Freedom Pay: North Carolina Freedpeople Working for Themselves, 1864-1900. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2003.

Holt, Thomas. Black Over White: Negro Political Leadership in South Carolina during Reconstruction. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1979.

Kantrowitz, Stephen. Ben Tillman and the Reconstruction of White Supremacy. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

Logan, Frenise A. The Negro in North Carolina, 1876-1894 Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2011.

McKinney, Gordon B. Southern Mountain Republicans, 1865-1900: Politics and the Appalachian Community. Knoxville, Tennessee: University of Tennessee Press, 1998.

Mobley, Joe A. James City, A Black Community in North Carolina, 1863-1900. Raleigh, North Carolina: North Carolina Division of Archives and History, 1981. 

Nelson, Scott. Iron Confederacies: Southern Railways, Klan Violence, and Reconstruction. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999.

Powers, Bernard E. Jr. Black Charlestonians: a Social History, 1822-1885.Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press, 1999.

Simkins, Francis B. Pitchfork Ben Tillman, South Carolinian. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.

_____ and Robert H. Woody, South Carolina during Reconstruction. Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith Publisher Inc., 1932.

Tindall, George B. South Carolina Negroes, 1877-1900. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.

Williamson, Joel. After Slavery: the Negro in South Carolina during Reconstruction, 1861-1877. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1975.

Zuczek, Richard. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 2009.

Articles, Reviews, Collections:

Baker, Bruce. "The 'Hoover Scare' in South Carolina, 1887: an Attempt to Organize Black Farm Labor," Labor History 40:3 (August 1999): 261-82.

Cecelski, David S. and Timothy B. Tyson, eds. Democracy Betrayed: The Wilmington Race Riot of 1898 and Its Legacy. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Crow, Jeffrey J. "'Fusion, Confusion, and Negroism': Schisms Among Negro Republicans in the North Carolina Election of 1896." North Carolina Historical Review 53:4 (1976): 364-384.

Hine, William C. "Black Organized Labor in Reconstruction Charleston," Labor History 25 (1984): 504-517.

Kelly, Brian. "Black Laborers, the Republican Party and the Crisis of Reconstruction in Lowcountry South Carolina," International Review of Social History 51:3 (Dec. 2006): 375-414.

_____. "Labor and Place: The Contours of Grassroots Black Mobilization in Reconstruction South Carolina," Journal of Peasant Studies 35: 4 (October 2008): 653-687.

_____. "Emancipations and Reversals: Labor, Race and the Boundaries of American Freedom in the Age of Capital," International Labor and Working Class History75: 1 (Spring 2009): 1-15.

Kirshenbaum, Andrea Meryl. "'The Vampire That Hovers Over North Carolina': Gender, White Supremacy, and the Wilmington Race Riot of 1898." Southern Cultures 4:3 (1998): 6-30.

Kremm, Thomas W. and Diane Neal. "Challenges to Subordination: Organized Black Agrarian Protest in South Carolina, 1886-1895," South Atlantic Quarterly 77:1 (1978): 98-112.

Lockley, T. "Review of Olwell's Masters, Slaves and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Lowcountry, 1740-1790and Jenkins' Seizing the New Day: African Americans in Post-Civil War Charleston," Labor History (May 1999).

Mabry, William Alexander. "Negro Suffrage and Fusion Rule in North Carolina." North Carolina Historical Review 12 (April 1935): 79-102.

Morgan, Philip. "Work and Culture: the Task System and the World of Lowcountry Blacks, 1700-1880," William and Mary Quarterly, 39:4 (Oct. 1982), 563-599.

Strickland, John C. "Traditional Culture and Moral Economy: Social and Economic Change in the South Carolina Lowcountry, 1865-1910," in Steven Hahn and Jonathan Prude, eds. The Countryside in the Age of Capitalist Transformation. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985.

Saville, Julie. "Grassroots Reconstruction: Agricultural Laborers and Collective Action in South Carolina, 1860-1868," Slavery and Abolition12:3 (Dec. 1991): 173-82.

Schwalm, Leslie A. "'Sweet Dreams of Freedom': Freedwomen's Reconstruction of Life and Labor in Lowcountry South Carolina," Journal of Women's History 9:1 (Spring 1997) 9-39.

Tindall, George B. "The Campaign for the Disfranchisement of Negroes in South Carolina," Journal of Southern History 15:2 (May 1949): 212-34.

Primary Source Materials and Contemporary Accounts:

Moore, John Hamond, ed. The Juhl Letters to the Charleston Courier: a View of the South, 1865-1871. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1974.

Pike, James S. The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government. New York, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1874.

Towles, Louis P. ed. The World Turned Upside Down: the Palmers of Santee, 1818-1881. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.

Towne, Laura. Letters and Diaries of Laura M. Towne; Written from the Sea Islands of South Carolina, 1862-1884. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Library, 2009.

Williams, Alfred B. Hampton and His Red Shirts: South Carolina’s Deliverance in 1876. Charleston, South Carolina: Walker, Evans & Cogswell Co., 1935.